Tectonic activity refers to the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithosphere, which is made up of the outermost layer of the Earth's crust and a portion of the upper mantle. This activity is driven by processes taking place beneath the Earth's surface, such as the movement of tectonic plates, which can result in earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains. Tectonic activity plays a significant role in shaping the Earth's surface and causing changes in landscapes over time. Scientists study tectonic activity to understand the processes that drive these movements and to monitor potential hazards associated with them.